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Plural Nouns

To make regular nouns plural, add ‑s to the end.

Cat – cats

House – houses

If the singular noun ends in ‑s, add ‑es to the end to pluralize it.

Truss – trusses

Bus – buses

If the noun ends with ‑f or ‑fe, the f is often changed to ‑ve.

Wife – wives

Wolf – wolves

Exception: roof – roofs

If the singular noun ends in ‑y, change the ending to ‑ies.

City – cities

Puppy – puppies

If the singular noun ends in ‑o, add ‑es to make it plural.

Potato – potatoes

Tomato – tomatoes

If the singular noun ends in ‑us, the plural ending is frequently ‑i.

Cactus – cacti

Octopus – octopi

If the singular noun ends in ‑is, the plural ending is ‑es.

Analysis – Analyses

Ellipsis – Ellipses

If the singular noun ends in ‑on, the plural ending is ‑a.

Phenomenon – phenomena

Criterion – criteria

Irregular nouns should be checked in the dictionary because they follow no specific rules.

Child – children

Goose – geese

Man – men

Some nouns don’t change at all when they’re pluralized:

Sheep

Moose

You need to see these nouns in context to understand whether they’re singular or plural.

Mark caught one fish, but I caught three fish.